Database Entry: Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica)
Scientific Name
Centella asiatica
Common Names
Indian Pennywort, Asiatic Pennywort, Brahmi (in Ayurveda, though sometimes this refers to Bacopa monnieri), Gotukola
Family
Apiaceae (formerly Umbelliferae)
Parts Used
Leaves, Stems
Overview
Gotu kola (Centella asiatica) is a small, herbaceous plant renowned in traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), and Indonesian Jamu. Revered as a “longevity herb,” it has been used for centuries to support cognitive function, enhance wound healing, and promote overall vitality. Modern science has validated many of its traditional uses, highlighting its adaptogenic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and skin-repairing properties.
Gotu kola is especially celebrated for its ability to enhance mental clarity and promote skin regeneration, earning it a place in both wellness routines and dermatological treatments.
Botanical Description
Gotu kola is a low-growing, creeping perennial plant commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions. It thrives in wetlands, marshes, and areas with rich, moist soil. The plant features fan-shaped green leaves with serrated edges and clusters of small, white to pinkish flowers. Its stems are slender and reddish, and the entire plant is harvested for medicinal purposes. The leaves, which resemble tiny umbrellas, are the primary focus in both culinary and therapeutic applications.
Active Compounds
The pharmacological properties of Gotu kola are attributed to its diverse bioactive compounds:
• Triterpenoid Saponins (Asiaticosides): These compounds are primarily responsible for wound healing, skin repair, and collagen synthesis.
• Madecassoside: Known for its potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
• Flavonoids: Such as quercetin and kaempferol, which provide antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits.
• Phytosterols: Promote skin repair and barrier function.
• Vitamins and Minerals: Rich in vitamins A, B, C, and K, along with essential minerals like magnesium and calcium, which support general health.
Traditional Uses and Benefits
1. Cognitive Function and Brain Health
• Gotu kola has been used as a brain tonic to improve memory, concentration, and mental clarity. In Ayurveda, it is considered a “Medhya Rasayana,” meaning a rejuvenator of the mind. Traditional practitioners also recommend it for conditions like anxiety and depression, where it helps calm the nervous system while enhancing focus.
2. Wound Healing and Skin Repair
• One of Gotu kola’s most recognized applications is in wound healing. The herb stimulates collagen production, promotes the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis), and supports tissue regeneration. These properties make it a staple in traditional remedies for burns, ulcers, and skin injuries.
3. Venous Insufficiency and Circulation
• Gotu kola has been used traditionally to improve blood circulation and reduce symptoms of venous insufficiency, such as varicose veins and leg swelling. Its role in strengthening connective tissues and blood vessels has been well-documented.
4. Stress and Adaptogenic Support
• As an adaptogen, Gotu kola helps the body adapt to stress by modulating cortisol levels and enhancing adrenal function. Its calming effect on the nervous system makes it an excellent remedy for reducing anxiety and supporting emotional resilience.
5. Immune System Modulation
• In traditional medicine, Gotu kola is used to enhance immunity and support recovery from chronic illnesses. Its antioxidant properties help combat free radicals and oxidative stress, contributing to overall vitality.
6. Digestive Health
• Traditional uses of Gotu kola include its application in treating stomach ulcers, diarrhea, and dysentery. It is thought to soothe the digestive tract while promoting mucosal healing.
Modern Applications and Research
1. Cognitive Enhancement
• Research supports Gotu kola’s nootropic effects, particularly its ability to improve memory and cognitive function. A study in Neurochemistry International (2018) highlighted its potential in reducing oxidative stress in brain cells and improving synaptic plasticity, making it a promising herb for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s.
2. Anxiety and Stress Reduction
• A study published in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2010) found that Gotu kola significantly reduced anxiety symptoms in participants with generalized anxiety disorder. Its ability to regulate neurotransmitter levels and support the adrenal system underpins its calming effects.
3. Wound Healing and Dermatology
• Clinical trials have shown that Gotu kola extracts, particularly madecassoside, can speed up wound healing by enhancing collagen synthesis and reducing inflammation. This has led to its inclusion in modern skincare formulations for acne scars, stretch marks, and burns.
4. Venous Insufficiency
• Gotu kola’s effectiveness in treating chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) was demonstrated in a 2013 meta-analysis published in the International Angiology Journal. The herb improved vein elasticity and reduced symptoms like swelling, pain, and heaviness in the legs.
5. Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties
• Studies have highlighted Gotu kola’s ability to reduce inflammation and combat oxidative stress, making it beneficial for managing chronic inflammatory conditions such as arthritis and cardiovascular diseases.
Dosage and Preparation
• Tea: Infuse 1–2 teaspoons of dried Gotu kola leaves in hot water for 10–15 minutes. Drink 1–2 cups daily for cognitive support or stress relief.
• Capsules/Tablets: Standardized extracts containing 20–40 mg of asiaticosides are commonly available. Dosage typically ranges from 200–500 mg per day.
• Tincture: Take 2–4 millilitres (1:5 tincture) in water, 2–3 times daily.
• Topical Applications: Creams or gels with 1–2% Gotu kola extract can be applied to the skin for wound healing or improving elasticity.
Side Effects and Precautions
• Mild Digestive Upset: Some individuals may experience nausea or stomach discomfort when taking Gotu kola internally.
• Allergic Reactions: Topical use may cause irritation or rash in sensitive individuals. Conduct a patch test before application.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding has not been firmly established. Consult a healthcare provider before use.
• Drug Interactions: Gotu kola may interact with sedatives, diuretics, and blood-thinning medications. Use cautiously if taking such drugs.
Sustainability and Sourcing
Gotu kola is widely cultivated and grows prolifically in its native regions, making it a sustainable herb when harvested responsibly. When purchasing Gotu kola, opt for organic and ethically sourced products to ensure quality and avoid contamination with heavy metals or pesticides, which are common in non-organic crops from wetlands.
Gotu Kola in Your Herbal Routine
Incorporating Gotu kola into your daily regimen can promote cognitive clarity, emotional balance, and skin health. Combine it with other adaptogens like ashwagandha for stress management or pair it with collagen-boosting herbs like horsetail for enhanced skin and joint health. Whether used in tea, tincture, or topical form, Gotu kola is a versatile herb for holistic wellness.
References
• Bown, D. (1995). Encyclopaedia of Herbs and Their Uses. London: Dorling Kindersley.
• Chevallier, A. (2016). The Complete Herbal Handbook. New York: DK Publishing.
• James, J., & Dubery, I. (2019). “Phytochemical insights into Centella asiatica’s medicinal properties.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 235, 312–327.
• Singh, R., et al. (2018). “Gotu Kola in cognitive enhancement and wound healing.” Neurochemistry International, 118, 105–118.
• Tilford, G. (1997). Edible and Medicinal Plants of the West. Missoula: Mountain Press.