Database Entry: Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus)
Scientific Name
Cymbopogon citratus
Common Names
Lemongrass, Fever Grass, Citronella Grass
Family
Poaceae (grass family)
Parts Used
Leaves, Stems, Essential Oil
Overview
Lemongrass is a tropical perennial plant known for its distinctive citrus aroma and numerous medicinal applications. Indigenous to South Asia, lemongrass has been used for centuries in traditional medicine systems, such as Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).
It is valued for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anxiolytic properties. In addition to its medicinal uses, lemongrass is a popular ingredient in culinary dishes and herbal teas, offering a refreshing flavour and aroma.
Botanical Description
Lemongrass is a tall, clumping grass that thrives in warm, sunny climates. The plant typically grows 1–1.5 meters in height and features long, narrow, bright green leaves with sharp edges. The stems are dense and fibrous, often used to extract its essential oil. Lemongrass is fast-growing and requires minimal care, making it a popular choice in home gardens.
Active Compounds
Lemongrass contains a range of bioactive compounds responsible for its health benefits:
• Citral: A key component with antimicrobial and antifungal properties, responsible for the plant’s lemon-like aroma.
• Geraniol: An aromatic terpene with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
• Myrcene: A terpene known for its analgesic and sedative properties.
• Limonene: A compound with mood-enhancing and immune-boosting effects.
• Flavonoids: Antioxidants that help reduce oxidative stress and inflammation.
Traditional Uses and Benefits
Lemongrass has been used in traditional medicine for a variety of purposes:
1. Digestive Health
Traditionally used to alleviate indigestion, bloating, and stomach cramps. Lemongrass tea is a common remedy for improving digestion and relieving nausea.
2. Stress Relief
Renowned for its calming properties, lemongrass is used in aromatherapy and teas to reduce anxiety and promote relaxation.
3. Respiratory Health
Lemongrass’s antimicrobial properties make it effective for relieving symptoms of colds, coughs, and bronchitis. Inhaling steam infused with lemongrass can help clear nasal passages.
4. Fever Reduction
Known as “fever grass” in some regions, lemongrass is traditionally used to reduce fever by inducing perspiration.
5. Pain Relief
Lemongrass essential oil is often applied topically to reduce joint pain, muscle aches, and inflammation.
Modern Applications and Research
Antimicrobial Activity
Research highlights lemongrass’s potent antimicrobial effects. A study published in Journal of Applied Microbiology (2018) found that lemongrass essential oil effectively inhibits bacterial growth, particularly Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (Sharma et al., 2018).
Anti-Inflammatory Effects
A 2016 study in Food Chemistry demonstrated the anti-inflammatory properties of citral, a primary component of lemongrass essential oil, suggesting its potential use in managing chronic inflammation (Ahmed et al., 2016).
Stress and Anxiety
The anxiolytic effects of lemongrass have been supported by studies. A 2020 review in Frontiers in Pharmacology noted that lemongrass tea and essential oil reduce stress markers and improve mood (Yunusa et al., 2020).
Antioxidant Potential
Lemongrass is rich in antioxidants, including flavonoids and phenolic compounds. A study in Food Research International (2014) confirmed its ability to neutralize free radicals and protect against oxidative damage (Mahmood et al., 2014).
Dosage and Preparation
Lemongrass can be incorporated into daily routines in various forms:
• Tea: Infuse 1–2 teaspoons of dried lemongrass in hot water for 5–10 minutes. Consume 1–3 cups daily for digestion and relaxation.
• Essential Oil: Add 2–3 drops to a diffuser for aromatherapy or dilute with a carrier oil for topical application.
• Fresh Leaves: Use in cooking or steep in water for tea to enjoy its flavour and health benefits.
• Supplements: Standardized extracts are available, though dosage varies. Consult a healthcare provider for specific guidance.
Side Effects and Precautions
Lemongrass is generally safe when used in moderation, but consider the following precautions:
• Skin Sensitivity: Essential oil can cause irritation when applied undiluted. Perform a patch test before topical use.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Avoid excessive use during pregnancy as high doses may stimulate uterine contractions.
• Allergic Reactions: Rarely, individuals may experience allergies, manifesting as skin irritation or respiratory discomfort.
• Medication Interactions: Consult a healthcare provider if using lemongrass alongside anticoagulants or sedatives.
Sustainability and Sourcing
Lemongrass is cultivated globally, particularly in India, Southeast Asia, and tropical Africa. Sustainable farming practices, such as organic cultivation, help maintain its purity and potency while reducing environmental impact. Look for products certified as organic or ethically sourced to ensure quality and sustainability.
Lemongrass in Your Herbal Routine
Lemongrass is a versatile herb for both health and culinary use. Its refreshing aroma and flavour make it an excellent addition to teas, soups, and marinades. Pair it with ginger for an invigorating digestive tea, or combine it with lavender or chamomile for a calming evening brew. Lemongrass essential oil can also enhance relaxation routines or act as a natural insect repellent.
References
• Ahmed, S., et al. (2016). Anti-inflammatory activity of citral from lemongrass. Food Chemistry, 196, pp. 1042–1048.
• Mahmood, K., et al. (2014). Antioxidant properties of lemongrass extract. Food Research International, 62, pp. 748–754.
• Sharma, P., et al. (2018). Antimicrobial activity of lemongrass essential oil. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 124(2), pp. 589–596.
• Yunusa, I., et al. (2020). Anxiolytic effects of lemongrass: A review. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 11, pp. 350.